As far as I know even the latest standards do not specify the cable.
However, it should be two conductor (stranded) twisted pair in a shield. When installing, the shield is grounded only at the talker end (the instrument that sends) in common with the grounded conductor from the twisted pair. The size of the conductors does not matter but often needs to be small to fit into the connectors supplied with the the talker and listeners (the instruments that receive) hardware.
Some amateurs say not to bother with shielded cable - use shielded and do it properly.
The talker (the instrument sending) will have a connector for 2 wires (often in the manual as NMEA + and NMEA -). At the talker end one conductor of the cable goes in the NMEA + and the other conductor plus the shield goes in the NMEA - together.
At the listener end (the instrument receiving) cut the shield back so it cannot short on anything, and just use the 2 conductors keeping the polarity correct with the other end of the cable ie you do not connect the shield at all at that end.