Great Circle routes

Used to fly the 747 into Bogota, 8,700 feet airfield elevation where the walkround was tricky as I sprinted up the jetty steps and up to the flight deck, needed to pop out the crew oxygen masks for a quick whiff to stop the light headedness.
The highest I have been outside an aeroplane was about 14,500, where I walked a few hundred yards uphill without feeling more than a little short of breath. The highest I've skied was from 12,700 ft at the Kleine Matterhorn in Zermatt. At that height I felt uncomfortable until I had got down to 11,500 ft which felt almost like normal.
 
The ellipsoid that is the best fit to the form of the earth differs from a perfect sphere by up to ±11 km - approximately a 600th of the diameter. The geoid (surface of gravitational equipotential; approximately sea level) deviates from that by a maximum of ±100m - mostly a lot less. The maximum relief goes from +8849 m (Mt Everest) to -11034m (Challenger Deep); an amount similar to the deviation because of the ellipsoidal form of the earth. So the deviation from a sphere is up to ABOUT 1/300th of it's diameter. I have no statistics for snooker balls, but I'd guess the earth is less spherical and slightly rougher than a good snooker ball. A snooker ball with a few scratches perhaps comes closer!
I have read that a snooker ball would compare closely to the surface of a neutron star. That's something I would love to see - something a mile across spinning at a thousand times per second.
 
There are records ( But please do not ask me to quote them) of early climbers going above 3000M & not using oxygen masks. I am also sure that I read somewhere of a town much higher. Did Top Gear go to it? 4000m high or something? They had to be treated for oxygen starvation & bought down a bit sharppish. Is that correct?
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Or am I dreaming that the earth is the shape of a sphere again?
Many ordinary people hike to Everest Base Camp and stay there - at over 5300m. Everest at 8,849m has been climbed without oxygen, but that is rather more risky.
 
Many ordinary people hike to Everest Base Camp and stay there - at over 5300m. Everest at 8,849m has been climbed without oxygen, but that is rather more risky.
The highest ski resort I’ve stayed at was Cervinia, at 6400 ft. You certainly need to drink plenty at that height, and I felt a bit headachy at times. In Ethiopia at around 7000 ft+ I felt fine but drank prodigious amounts of water. We had 1.5 l bottles per person with lunch and usually needed more.
 
You can of course acclimatise to high altitudes if you give time for more red blood cells to be produced in your body. It's the quick ascent to altitude that will be uncomfortable via a ski lift, aeroplane etc.
 
I have flown at about 9000' in an unpressurised plane regularly. As an asthmatic I always felt a need to breath deeper to feel satisfied at that height.
 
You can of course acclimatise to high altitudes if you give time for more red blood cells to be produced in your body. It's the quick ascent to altitude that will be uncomfortable via a ski lift, aeroplane etc.
I remember cyclists who planned to attempt some world record (the "1 hour distance" IIRC) went to train for mônths for example in Mexico City (about 2200m asl) in order to increase the number of their red cells and have more endurance.
 
I walked the Annapurna circuit which takes you over the Thorong La pass at about 19000’. Felt pretty crap up there to be honest. But man alive did I feel bionic a couple of days later when we got back to below 10000’.
 
And of course, if you look at the horizon from a small boat at sea, you can see the curvature. Flat earthers must live in land-locked regions.
I used to think that until I went beyond the sight of land. I then realised that when I turned around, the horizon was still at the same level behind me. If the horizon is curved down all the way round, how come it never gets any lower?

World still isn’t flat though. Unless it’s flat in terms of the space time continuum
 
There's no fun in altitude if you can't go skiing, as this mad Japanese believed. Skiing in thin air with a parachute for 6000+ feet is something that I seem to have missed out on. I'll give it a go when I'm reincarnated. The action starts at 1hr 15'
 
You can of course acclimatise to high altitudes if you give time for more red blood cells to be produced in your body. It's the quick ascent to altitude that will be uncomfortable via a ski lift, aeroplane etc.
+1. In 1987 I went from sea-level to an ice station (DYE-3) at about 8000' ASL in an aircraft, so I didn't have time to acclimatise. The station is/was elevated above the ice surface, and you climb a long set of steps to get to the living quarters. On arrival I had to stop halfway to catch my breath; I couldn't go further until I'd rested. A few days later I could pretty much run up and down the same stairs.
 
I have flown at about 9000' in an unpressurised plane regularly. As an asthmatic I always felt a need to breath deeper to feel satisfied at that height.
The CAA rules on oxygen say "You and other members of the crew must use oxygen continuously whenever the cabin altitude exceeds 10,000 ft for more than 30 minutes or any time above 13,000 ft."

This means you can fly (in an unpressurused plane) at 13,000 for 30 mins then come back down to 10,000. As altitude is your friend in a single engine plane over the sea, whenever I flew from southern UK to La Rochelle or the Channel Islands, I used to climb up to 13,000 then within 30 mins come back down again. A typical trip to La Rochelle, this would work out just right allowing for the climb and descent. Trying to do even simple mental arithmetic gets noticeably much harder at that altitude.
 
The CAA rules on oxygen say "You and other members of the crew must use oxygen continuously whenever the cabin altitude exceeds 10,000 ft for more than 30 minutes or any time above 13,000 ft."

This means you can fly (in an unpressurused plane) at 13,000 for 30 mins then come back down to 10,000. As altitude is your friend in a single engine plane over the sea, whenever I flew from southern UK to La Rochelle or the Channel Islands, I used to climb up to 13,000 then within 30 mins come back down again. A typical trip to La Rochelle, this would work out just right allowing for the climb and descent. Trying to do even simple mental arithmetic gets noticeably much harder at that altitude.
Presumably going to 13000ft did put yourself at some risk. So why did you go to that height? Why not stop at 10000 ft & not even have the issue? Is there a fuel advantage of flying in thinner air where (presumably) there is less lift for the plane's wings? Can you fly faster due to less drag?
 
Presumably going to 13000ft did put yourself at some risk. So why did you go to that height? Why not stop at 10000 ft & not even have the issue? Is there a fuel advantage of flying in thinner air where (presumably) there is less lift for the plane's wings? Can you fly faster due to less drag?
A good question, but in my view, there was no added risk (flying, like sailing, is inherently risky). The true airspeed increases with altitude due to air density but more importantly (for light aircraft economics), the wind speed increases so on those occasions, it was seeking more beneficial tailwinds that was the reason. The engine out glide angle of the plane I fly is quite steep (1.25 miles per 1,000 feet of altitude) so 10,000 feet offers 12.5 mile range and 13k 17 nm range. The higher the better over water as it also gives you time to plan and make a mayday call.

In reality, the time spent above 10,000 includes the climb and descent portions in thicker air so the actual time level at 13,000 was more like 20 mins. You don't usually descend unpressurised aircraft at more than 500 feet per minute to protect your ears, the climb rate is usually 1,000 feet a minute but 500 fpm also offers you an nice higher speed cruise climb. The engine burns around 50 litres an hour (at £2 a litre for 100LL avgas) so economic flight techniques highly recommended!
 
Presumably going to 13000ft did put yourself at some risk. So why did you go to that height? Why not stop at 10000 ft & not even have the issue? Is there a fuel advantage of flying in thinner air where (presumably) there is less lift for the plane's wings? Can you fly faster due to less drag?
I've been in an unpressurized aircraft at 13,000 feet - necessary to ensure ground clearance in parts of the Antarctic. And actually it was too high for me - I had to go onto oxygen as I started to feel unwell. Fortunately, I wasn't flying the plane; I'm not that kind of pilot!!
 
...This means you can fly (in an unpressurused plane) at 13,000 for 30 mins then come back down to 10,000. As altitude is your friend in a single engine plane over the sea, whenever I flew from southern UK to La Rochelle or the Channel Islands, I used to climb up to 13,000 then within 30 mins come back down again. A typical trip to La Rochelle, this would work out just right allowing for the climb and descent. Trying to do even simple mental arithmetic gets noticeably much harder at that altitude.
Ah, the old 'Step Climb versus Cruise Climb' perennial argument so beloved of old-school air navigators ( not many left, now! ) Much more interesting than the Which Guide to Best New Anchors, Twenty-Seventh Edition....

As someone who earned his crust monitoring fuel usage meticulously ( and a few other tasks ) I can attest that - in a Canberra twin with big wings and good engines - after an initial laden Climb To Height of ~30,000' and about an hour's Level Cruise, then 30 minutes or so 'taking happy snaps of someone else's back garden', then a further Climb To Height to ~35,000' then Cruise Climb* thereafter on the way back... the fuel gauges just about stopped moving.

That led to further height gain up to the Service Ceiling limit of 48,000' - the aircraft could go a fair bit higher, certainly 65,000' - but the 50s-design oxy/air mix equipment couldn't manage much above that without special helmets and furry underwear.

The cognoscenti will be wondering about ICAO Semi-Circular Cruising Levels and Separation, and ATC getting agitated. What they didn't know about didn't worry them.... and, actually, there was nobody else around who'd be bothered.

*For Actual Weight, set Optimum RPM for Cruise. As fuel burns off, convert increasing speed to height.
 
Best approximation we could do in modern Boeings was to get cleared a block altitude then set VS+100fpm :ROFLMAO:
'Different ships, different longsplices.'


I seem to recall, if fraying memory still serves, that what we were chasing was best Specific Fuel Consumption or SFC. More miles per gallon....
It was also noticeably colder way up there, which the engines liked, with more 'Bernoullis per square yard' which the wings liked. Also, no rain or snow - most of the time.
 
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