Laptop power - 12v converter to 240V or to 19v 4.2ma?

The cheap square wave inverters basically throw out the regulated power supplies ... they cannot regulate properly.

Its rare for it to affect the computer ... apart from not working !

Some mains power bricks for computers have a default that can mean leaving it for some time before plugging into a clean domestic supply. Not sure how it works - but my a couple of my Inspectors in the past had this ...
The 'power adaptor' would start then shut down with the cheap inverter. If they plugged straight away in mains - nothing. Wait 5 minutes and all worked fine in the mains again.
 
As stated above, a DC to DC converter will be the most efficient. It is less likely to have a noisy fan like an inverter, and less likely to pull too much amps that will make your supply trip.

Buy a reputable brand from a reputable source. I recently bought a new, "original" Dell 12v to laptop voltage converter off Ebay. It did look original but the plug was 1/2mm too big to go into the boat's 12v socket so ended up being useless.
 
I have both inverter and a dedicated 12v cigarette lighter converter. The inverter appears to draw 2A with nothing plugged in, obviously more when things are plugged in.
The 12v converter is much more efficient. I got a no brand one off eBay. Usually comes with voltage selector and a range of different size plugs.
Like you I need to work whilst living aboard for the season.
 
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