I learned something today

Palpable relief washes over me. I don't suppose we should start writing about Boudicca to satisfy the Anglo Saxon element. I don't know whether she ever got done for speeding but a few stout chappies she did battle with must have occasionally wondered 'WTF was that - it was flying and I certainly couldn't identify it...'
 
I think that from roughly 400 CE* to 1400 CE the term would have been “an angel”.

* please admire my use of the politically correct term, here. ?
Even I, a signed up member of the God Squad, acknowledge that in some contexts CE is more appropriate than AD. AD stands for Anno Domini, that is, Year of the Lord. In a multicultural environment, that is clearly making too many assumptions and could be interpreted differently by Christians, Buddhists and perhaps Muslims. CE (Christian Era) is both explicit and refers to a historically important development. Whether you believe or not, the rise of the Christian faith probably changed history to a greater extent than almost anything else you can imagine.
 
Even I, a signed up member of the God Squad, acknowledge that in some contexts CE is more appropriate than AD. AD stands for Anno Domini, that is, Year of the Lord. In a multicultural environment, that is clearly making too many assumptions and could be interpreted differently by Christians, Buddhists and perhaps Muslims. CE (Christian Era) is both explicit and refers to a historically important development. Whether you believe or not, the rise of the Christian faith probably changed history to a greater extent than almost anything else you can imagine.
I still find myself referring to people’s first name as their Christian name. I find ‘given name’ such a repulsive phrase that I refuse to use it.
 
Unless I am speaking to someone from an East Asian or other non-Christian culture in which case I will say “personal name”.
Technically, a Christian name is one bestowed at Baptism. So it is actually incorrect to use the term for a person who has not been baptized (probably a majority of children these days). In many cultures, especially in Africa, the baptismal name may well be bestowed in adulthood and is a sign of the person's religion. I don't have a problem with "given name"; it is a concise and widely understood term that distinguishes it from other names such as patronymic, surname, matronymic and others I have no doubt not heard of!

Naming is a very complex and culturally dependent thing. We, for example, usually choose given names from a relatively restricted list of names that are not meaningful in everyday language (in some countries this is even enforced by law), but (for example), my Chinese relatives will use a brief phrase that can be almost anything (usually two words) and has a clear meaning. For example, my late wife was "Sze Tai", which means something like "Female Scholar" - which turned out to be very appropriate! But I don't think I know any Chinese with a duplicate given name in Chinese, and they find it strange that our given names are not unique. However, their family names are far fewer than ours and were formalized many hundreds of years ago, so referring to someone by their family name would be very confusing; my sisters-in-law grew up in a society where perhaps half a class of children would have the same surname! There are cultures, especially in Africa, where it is quite usual for someone to choose a new given name to mark some life-event.
 
My understanding of Chinese names is roughly this:

There are the old hundred family names. That’s the easy bit.

In the PRC mainland there was a fashion, roughly contemporary with the Cultural Revolution, for children to be given a single personal name, often with a patriotic or revolutionary meaning, like “Build up the Country”. In earlier times, with families of more than one child, and again now, all boys in a nuclear family got the same boys name and all girls in a family got the same girl’s name, in each case plus their own personal name. If addressing someone informally you use both, plus the surname unless you are a friend. In which case you are probably going to call them “Lao” (“old”) + nickname. Nicknames are very common.

In colonial Hong Kong, the two name system never stopped and children chose an English name for themselves when they started to learn English at school, (which is why some of them are a little unusual).
 
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Even I, a signed up member of the God Squad, acknowledge that in some contexts CE is more appropriate than AD. AD stands for Anno Domini, that is, Year of the Lord. In a multicultural environment, that is clearly making too many assumptions and could be interpreted differently by Christians, Buddhists and perhaps Muslims. CE (Christian Era) is both explicit and refers to a historically important development. Whether you believe or not, the rise of the Christian faith probably changed history to a greater extent than almost anything else you can imagine.
I understood that "CE" (amongst many other things; see wiki: CE) meant "Common Era" and I see that wikipedia agrees with me. I don't see how "Christian Era" could be free of unnecessary divisiveness!
 
I understood that "CE" (amongst many other things; see wiki: CE) meant "Common Era" and I see that wikipedia agrees with me. I don't see how "Christian Era" could be free of unnecessary divisiveness!
I think the definition is deliberately vague! However, its numbering starts from a date meaningful only in the Christian religion (and yes, I know they got it wrong; Herod the Great, who figures largely in the Christmas narrative was dead well before 1AD!). So, to me "Common Era" smacks of over-egging the pudding;. Whatever your religion, you can't argue that (barring the errors of calculation mentioned above) the start date of the modern calendar marks the conventional start of the Christian religion, which had a major effect on the history of the world (we wouldn't be using it as a basis for a calendar otherwise!). If we were to try for a really secular calendar, we'd have to date it from some unambiguous date determined by a natural event that is widely recorded in the annals of various civilizations. Such events are few and far between - the supernova that resulted in the Crab Nebula might work, or another such supernova - but even such striking celestial events as these tend not to be recorded universally if they happen to have occurred during times of stress in one civilization or another.

Of course, you can argue that the concept of simultaneity has little meaning in a relativistic universe :cool::cool: But most of us don't worry about that as long as our GPS carries on working!
 
My understanding of Chinese names is roughly this:

There are the old hundred family names. That’s the easy bit.

In the PRC mainland there was a fashion, roughly contemporary with the Cultural Revolution, for children to be given a single personal name, often with a patriotic or revolutionary meaning, like “Build up the Country”. In earlier times, with families of more than one child, and again now, all boys in a nuclear family got the same boys name and all girls in a family got the same girl’s name, in each case plus their own personal name. If addressing someone informally you use both, plus the surname unless you are a friend. In which case you are probably going to call them “Lao” (“old”) + nickname. Nicknames are very common.

In colonial Hong Kong, the two name system never stopped and children chose an English name for themselves when they started to learn English at school, (which is why some of them are a little unusual).
I should have clarified that my knowledge is based on Hong Kong customs, where the effects of the Cultural Revolution didn't happen, and where traditional Chinese is still the norm. I was ignoring the custom of taking a "Western" name; the practice has varied over the years. In my late wife's generation, it was usual for people to adopt a "Western" later in life, if the perceived need arose (my late wife didn't adopt such a name until her late teens when she came to the UK to do A-levels), but later generations (I think even my late wife's youngest sister, 12 years younger) tended to be given them at birth. This actually resulted in difficulties for us when the passport office objected to us using a name not attested by her birth certificate, but which was on various other official documents such as her driving license! They couldn't simply revert to the name on her birth certificate, as she had obviously been using her "Western" name for official purposes - even her NI number. This resulted in her having to make a sworn declaration of her full name, and us missing a holiday because we couldn't get her passport through in time.
 
I think the definition is deliberately vague! However, its numbering starts from a date meaningful only in the Christian religion (and yes, I know they got it wrong; Herod the Great, who figures largely in the Christmas narrative was dead well before 1AD!). So, to me "Common Era" smacks of over-egging the pudding;. Whatever your religion, you can't argue that (barring the errors of calculation mentioned above) the start date of the modern calendar marks the conventional start of the Christian religion, which had a major effect on the history of the world (we wouldn't be using it as a basis for a calendar otherwise!). If we were to try for a really secular calendar, we'd have to date it from some unambiguous date determined by a natural event that is widely recorded in the annals of various civilizations. Such events are few and far between - the supernova that resulted in the Crab Nebula might work, or another such supernova - but even such striking celestial events as these tend not to be recorded universally if they happen to have occurred during times of stress in one civilization or another.

Of course, you can argue that the concept of simultaneity has little meaning in a relativistic universe :cool::cool: But most of us don't worry about that as long as our GPS carries on working!
All more or less true (and we aren't looking for accuracy, only conventionality). It's a bit like the temperature scales which have zero points set where some inventor thought would be useful. We can manage to convert from one to another so long as we know, unambiguously, which scale any given value is using. So naming is important but arbitrary...
 
All more or less true (and we aren't looking for accuracy, only conventionality). It's a bit like the temperature scales which have zero points set where some inventor thought would be useful. We can manage to convert from one to another so long as we know, unambiguously, which scale any given value is using. So naming is important but arbitrary...
The real problems come when trying to set up dating for things like the Ancient Egyptians, where the correlation between their dating and other systems is based on very few points, and where regnal years (the usual method in Egypt) may overlap when an elderly ruler appointed his successor as Pharaoh while still retaining the title himself. It worked fine in relatively stable times, but in other times - such as dynastic change - it tended to fall over a lot! There are serious issues over the dating of the rules of people like Akhenaten, Smenkare and Tutankamun - there's even a possibility that Nefertiti rules alone for a while, but we don't know.
 
There are cultures, especially in Africa, where it is quite usual for someone to choose a new given name to mark some life-event.

Re names and religion, in the former French colonies there was/is the custom to give a newborn the name of the birth day's Saint: Patrice, Joseph, etc. as they read on the calendar.
It was/is not unusual to find people named "Fetnat": they were born on July 14th which is... Fête Nationale, usually shortened Fête Nat. on small calendars. :)
 
Re names and religion, in the former French colonies there was/is the custom to give a newborn the name of the birth day's Saint: Patrice, Joseph, etc. as they read on the calendar.
It was/is not unusual to find people named "Fetnat": they were born on July 14th which is... Fête Nationale, usually shortened Fête Nat. on small calendars. :)
Now most of us have the "surname" of @gmail.com and just have to choose a "forename"... ;)
 
I'm surprised to learn from Martin_J that the Italian for UFO is 'Oggetto Volante Non Identificato'. I would have thought it would be something like 'Oh guarda, dev'essere che Leonardo ha ricominciato a fare i suoi trucchi'. :D

I also wonder what Anglo-Saxons would have called UFOs. ;)
Disco Volante shirley?
 
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