Engine Problems.....

Another good point. A thorough clean of all the contacts from the battery to the starter and back could make a big difference. The earth connection on the engine is a common source of problems, as it tends to get forgotten.

A diesel needs rapid turn over and multiple cycles to make the high compression needed to fire ... unlike a petrol engine that has forced Spark ignition.
A stuck or lazy ring etc can play havoc with a diesel engine until multiple cycles ...
 
Sounds like you are not following the start instructions properly. You need to pull out the stop lever to set the the fuel pump to deliver a ricj mixture to start. Once the engine fires the enrichment leever returns to its "run" position automatically. They are poor starters when it is cold so need a lot of cranking. As suggested turn the water off while cranking if it does not start straight away. Before trying again you need to go through the same procedure. When it runs turn the water back on.

Google Volvo 2002 start procedure for plenty of advice including youtubes explaining it all.
I was just going to suggest the same.

A previous 2003 had this device not working, no amount of operating the stop cable would help. The 'tit' inside the pump had worn away.

Putting the throttle 3/4's open, a half second squirt of ether spray, all was good.

Worth a try.
 
My old VP2002 had a fault where a sliding rod in the governor mechanism would get stuck in the back position and prevent the engine running. Look for a largish hex head at the back of the engine. It's on the port side facing aft about halfway up the engine. Unscrew it and reach in with your finger and try and push the rectangular section rod forwards.Mine would get stuck when the engine was throttled right back, causing it to die just when manoeuvering into a mooring berth.
 
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