so what's with the Red Ensign?

LadyJessie

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so what\'s with the Red Ensign?

Here is a trivia question for you:

During sundowner time in this very busy bay in the eastern Med, our guests started commenting on the boats anchored around us (as you do...). I got the question "why do the British have a different maritime flag when most other nations seems to use their national flag?" I didn't know the answer. Several sundowner-induced theories were developed: the one that got the most votes was "the British always perceive themselves as slightly different, although they are not". Obviously, the majority of the crew was made up of continentals. The poor lonely Brit among us came up with "we are a nation with a long seafaring history and we take traditions seriously". This was very crudely laughed off by the Scandinavians present who pointed out that they had been at sea for much longer and still didn't see the need for a separate maritime flag. (This is actually not correct as both the Danish and the Norwegians have different maritime flags. However, they are difficult to tell apart from their normal national flag and is mostly only flown by diehard Royal Yacht Club types.)

So we did not come up with a good answer. That is why I now turn our question to this source of all knowledge and wisdom:

Why the Red Ensign? And why is it red?
 
Re: so what\'s with the Red Ensign?

The 3 RN Squadrons, red white and blue. Try Wikipedia 'Maritime Ensigns' and you will be able to amaze and delight Johnny Foreigner with a host of detail.
 
Re: so what\'s with the Red Ensign?

As a control function in the middle ages, English Navy ships were grouped into units. These squadrons were given a number of different coloured flag as "team colours"; and eventually the colours settled on the White, the Blue and the Red, each with an admiral of that colour. Reputedly the colours were chosen because those were the dyes which withstood the elements best.

The White Admiral was the senior posting, then the Blue, then the Red.

So it is today, with ensigns worn according to "seniority".

The present union flag in the corner of the ensign was not consolidated until the Union of Great Britain and Ireland right at the start of the 19th C, so various combinations of crosses, saltires, etc., were used before that date.

Why do we wear ensigns of different colours ? Perhaps because at some stage around 1660, it was not unusual for ships participating in English Navy actions (sea warfare was mainly a summer activity !) to be owned by merchants/shipping companies. Thus the custom of using a coloured ensign continued when the ships went back into trade.
 
Re: so what\'s with the Red Ensign?

The Red Ensign
For the flying of ensigns, the law is as follows:
Subject to subsection (2) below, a British ship, other than a fishing vessel, shall hoist the red ensign or other proper national colours--

on a signal being made to the ship by one of Her Majesty's ships (including any ship under the command of a commissioned naval officer); and
on entering or leaving any foreign port; and
in the case of ships of 50 or more tons gross tonnage, on entering or leaving any British port.
Subsection (1)(c) above does not apply to a small ship (as defined in section 1(2)) registered under Part II.
The 1995 Merchant Shipping Act is not very well drafted as it does not say anything of Commonwealth ports (in English law "foreign" excludes Commonwealth). The Canadian version is more informative:

"The Canadian Shipping Act states that a Canadian ship shall hoist the flag on a signal being made to her by one of Her Majesty's Canadian ships, or any ship in the service of and belonging to the Government of Canada; on entering or leaving any foreign port; and if of 50 tonnes gross tonnage or upwards, on entering or leaving any Commonwealth port."

Obviously, maritime practice is to fly ensigns more often than this. How often is up to you.
Andrew Yong, 21 August 2003
In its original form the Red Ensign came into use as the Civil Ensign of England c1650 (having been previously adopted by the English Royal Navy in 1625), and received official sanction as such in a Royal Proclamation of 18 September 1674. As far as is known the Scottish merchant marine also flew a red ensign (although charged with the cross of St Andrew), but this came to an end with the Act of Union of 1707, after which the Civil Ensigns of both countries were charged with the Union Flag. In its present form, however, the Red Ensign dates from the change to the Union of 1 January 1801, it was largely given into the care of the merchant service by an Order in Council dated 9 July 1864, and was last regulated by Article 4 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995.
Christopher Southworth, 3 December 2003

Perrin writing in "British Flags" page 132, 'From that date (1824) the red ensign alone has been the legal national colours of a British merchant vessel.'
David Prothero, 5 September 2003

The 1894 Merchant Shipping Act appears to confirm Perrin when it states that: "The Red Ensign usually worn by the merchant ships, without any defacement or modification whatever, is hereby declared to be the proper national colours for all ships or boats belonging to any British Subject".
Christopher Southworth, 5 September 2003

The red ensign is in informally, even affectionately, named the "red duster". There does not seem to be any agreement on how the expression arose. My theory is that Red Ensigns were hoisted and left until they were so dirty and tattered that they looked more like dusters than flags, and/or, because on British ships old flags were often used as rags before being thrown away.
David Prothero, 13 October 2003

I have not come across any reference to a (or the) "red duster" before about 1880, so I was wondering whether it had anything to do with its use by steam vessels? I have never heard the term used in anything other than in an affectionate way, although thinking of some I've seen at sea over the years 'faded red rag' or 'just recognizable as a flag' would be factually accurate descriptions.
Christopher Southworth, 13 October 2003

Concerning British red ensigns both "official" and unofficial, I am impressed that so many unauthorized (illegal) red ensigns were manufactured and apparently put into service. I have started a sort of quasi research project to find out. Why would so many risk the wrath of the empire:) Thus far, and in a nutshell, I have drawn a series of conclusions. First, a large number of unauthorized red ensigns were made by non-British flag manufacturers with a substantial number of those being made in the US. This was done for a couple of reasons, but the main reason was outright ignorance, or at least lack of understanding concerning British regulation, which could be ambiguous at times. Over the last 100+ years, there have been a number of circulated credible publications suggesting (erroneously) that the proper flag or ensign for civil use concerning any British colony would have been the defaced red ensign. As now, any attempt to get verification directly from a British government office would have perhaps proven fruitless as British government entities in my experience are notorious for not responding to enquiries. With that being said, manufacturers would have produced unwarranted red ensigns in good faith. They would have been used as courtesy flags abroad and would have represented their respective colonies on land. For example, a missionary working in Northern Rhodesia might speak in a US church while on furlough. The church may have ordered a Northern Rhodesian flag to put on display. Any of a number of flag companies may have made up a red ensign for the church based on what information they had.

The second thing I learned is more directly a British issue. There were evidently proud British territorials who took stock in their colonial identity. One of the ways they exercised this pride was to display their colony's badge on the red ensign. Was this "legal"? No. Were British authorities going to press the issue? Probably not. Last autumn here in Penang, I met a former British naval commander. He was surprisingly familiar with the red ensign issue and had been indirectly involved in a couple of incidents involving unwarranted samples being used by British subjects. He also commented that; "It would have cost more to prosecute the buggers than it was worth, and besides, we knew they were doing it out of a sense of civic pride. What's wrong with that?" As far as courtesy ensigns were concerned, ships and yachts were flying them to be; "courteous and respectful so we left them alone, no harm done."
Clay Moss, 11 June 2005


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Re: so what\'s with the Red Ensign?

Thanks for all the replies. It has spinned my mind. It seems that the summary is that the red duster is a RN tradition. What I still don't think is explained is how it got into modern yachting. There are many countries that have a separate naval ensign tradition. I know the Swedish Navy tradition very well and it also has a very similar squadron ensign tactic as described above. But those squadron ensigns are very explicitly forbidden to be used in private shipping.

How did one of the RN squadron flags become the British merchant and yachting flag?
 
Re: so what\'s with the Red Ensign?

See the wiki link, which describes how this came about:

"Many in the Admiralty felt that the Royal Navy's use of three separate ensigns (i.e., the red, white, and blue) was outdated and confusing. Many also felt that steam merchantmen should be clearly distinguishable from warships. In July 1864, an order-in-council provided that the White Ensign was the ensign of the Royal Naval Service. The Blue Ensign was designated as the proper national colours for ships commanded by an officer of the Royal Naval Reserve, and (with an appropriate badge) as national colours for ships in government service. The Red Ensign was assigned to British merchantmen. This basic structure remains today."

The red ensign, was restricted to merchant vessels, which includes fishing vessels, private yachts and other pleasure craft
 
Re: so what\'s with the Red Ensign?

Thanks BrendanS and others above. Great input and lots of thanks that I can now have a much better sundowner discussion on ensigns.
 
Re: so what\'s with the Red Ensign?

Just one important correction needs to be made to all of this good stuff. In the original Red, White and Blue squadrons of the Royal Navy, the RED squadron was in fact the most senior - being under the command of a full admiral. The Blue Squadron was the second most senior, having a vice admiral whilst the White Squadron was the lowest ranking, being commanded by a rear-admiral. Thus, all of us who fly a red ensign should do so with pride and in the full knowledge that in its original form it represented the highest authority. Of course today no flag is superior; they just denote ships/sailors affiliations and are a consequence of our rich maritime heritage. The attached armaments may well give a white ensign the edge in an argument but I’m not aware that either blue or white is in any way ‘superior’ to red – unless someone knows differently?

have a look at …

http://www.royalnavalmuseum.org/info_sheet_squadron_colours.htm
 
Re: so what\'s with the Red Ensign?

"Thus, all of us who fly (sic) a red ensign should do so with pride and in the full knowledge that in its original form it represented the highest authority"

Wossis? Inverted flag snobbery! This is a new - and fascinating addition to the flag snobbery debate!

Rather, you should wear your Red Duster with pride as the national maritime Ensign of Great Britain, with a tradition of seafaring, trade and exploration that the Scandinavians for one cannot start to compare with. Nothing to do with perceived superiority in olden times.

As to superiority, the Royal Navy is the armed force at sea, and thus the ultimate arbiter. I would respectfully suggest that the White is indubitably the "superior" Ensign. Ask anyone who has picked an argument with it recently and see if that changes your mind...

There is, of course , a hierarchy - as everyone knows. Just look at the order of vessels in a fleet review, White, Blue and Red in that order. It cannot be denied, but whether this needs to be made an issue in social circles is entirely down to simple courtesy - or the predeliction for bigotry (in either direction) amongst those present.

Lets face it, if a group of Brits gather anywhere they will establish a pecking order based on their wealth, size of yacht, obsceneness of oversized chelsea tractor, school, yacht club etc. Hardly surprising it extends into flag too.

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Re: so what\'s with the Red Ensign?

[ QUOTE ]
Great Britain, with a tradition of seafaring, trade and exploration that the Scandinavians for one cannot start to compare with

[/ QUOTE ]
Hmmm, talking about pecking order..... I seem to remember from my history lessons that you guys were still farmers when the Vikings sailed the world and created a trading empire that stretched from North America to Asia Minor. It was very probably the very extensive Viking settlements on the British Isles that showed you guys what a boat was. All IMHO, of course.
 
Re: so what\'s with the Red Ensign?

What a lot of English crap. I am now convinced. Tomorrow the Red Ensign is binned and will be replaced with the Saltire.
 
Re: so what\'s with the Red Ensign?

Ozcruz, I don't know what your point or problem is, but you won't solve either by the bizarre statement you've made.

You seem confused... you state "English" and "Red Ensign" in the same breath, and say you'll now use the "Saltire".

You are evidently not well versed in history, national identity or flag etiquette for which I forgive you...

The Red Ensign is British, not English, as every well educated Briton knows, and the Saltire is not a maritime ensign, as every true sailor knows.

Not sure where this leaves you, Oxcruz, but not apparently very well represented at all.

Sadly, pal, facts do actually matter...It might help to take account of them in future...before gobbing off!
 
Re: so what\'s with the Red Ensign?

I am represented by the tartan army and Jamie Mc Fadden. Saltire is good enough for them.
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Re: so what\'s with the Red Ensign?

I'm a Scot and I agree with you, I am proud to be able to wear a red ensign!
Enough of this Scottish nationalistic claptrap!
More sentimentality than true national pride!
Bloody idiots!
 
Re: so what\'s with the Red Ensign?

Anyone who sails a boat called Englander is not a Scot. Someone tells me you have an English accent also. Stay South of the Border with your pals. Plonker.
 
Re: so what\'s with the Red Ensign?

Oh! I'm very south of the border, any UK border for that matter and who would you know, who I know, that's the question. I doubt anybody you know would want to know me!! Anyway I wont bore you with too many details, you obviously have a small brain, but Englander, was designed by John Bain, a fairly famous man, maybe silvers would ring a bell? However she was named Englander when she was built and so I didnt feel the need to change her name, not feeling in the slightest inferior, because I am a Scot (and proud of it), sailing a boat with this name emblazoned on her. Same as my brother who is also a Scot, with "Swn y mor" emblazoned on his boat, that's welsh by the way!!
One other thing, I'm offshore Aberdeen!!
Maybe we could meet for a beer when I come in next friday!
 
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