acid descaling of toilet pipe

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is 25% hydrochloric acid


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Carbonate scale forms in toilet pipework because bacterial action on traces of urine not flushed away produces ammonia.

Ammonia raises the pH

Sea water has high temporary hardness ... bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium.

raising the pH results in the formation of carbonates which is deposited as scale.

Hydrochloric acid reacts with carbonates to form soluble chlorides and carbon dioxide.


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