Why are bow thrusters THAT noisy?

They are noisy because they are an aberration against nature. Eventually natural selection shall weed out those who rely on them for manoeuvres easily carried out just with their engines and rudder(s).
 
TrueBlue is correct it's noisey gears as time goes by they get worse.
Most small one are powered by an electic motor insde the hull via a gearbox , out side the hull. This has seals , these fail , as the EP 90 oil reservoir is often not topped up ( located under a birth ) in bow cabin .
It's gets warm with use and when stopped through failed seals sea water is sucked in ' --- corrosion of the bevel led gears equals more noise ,
Resonating through the plastic hull amplifies this .
Basically the gearbox insides have corroded .
 
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