Probably best to use the proper Treadmaster stuff, but if it's just a patch you could improvise. Epoxy would do it, provided you never wanted to take it up again!
I believe I am right in saying that Treadmaster can be stuck down with Sikaflex 291. My cockpit sole is covered with TBS non-slip, which is not a million miles from Treadmaster's smooth version. Sikaflex was supplied with it as the adhesive. It has functioned fine and was far easier in application than the Treadmaster epoxy adhesive, which has no 'grab' and is quite tricky to use.