Don’t forget before and after photos.Update!
Force4 Chandlery delivery for £5.95 and they stock the Wessex products!
Sanding teak with a power sander is a regular albeit infrequent occurrence that doesn’t cause this problem you describe.I wouldn't use a sander on it. Mastic will melt with heat and you could end up spreading it all over your teak via the sander. Sandpaper would be fine, you won't get it too hot. But leave it until you've scraped the majority of it off.
The OP said mastic, not caulk. I have experience of sanding mastic. It does melt and stick to the sanding disc. And spreads.Sanding teak with a power sander is a regular albeit infrequent occurrence that doesn’t cause this problem you describe.
Either you made this up or your boat has the wrong caulk.
There are several very old threads on this forum on how to use the two part teak cleaner.Update!
Force4 Chandlery delivery for £5.95 and they stock the Wessex products!
Plenty of tubes of squirty stuff call themselves 'Mastic'. Like this:I want to know what black "mastic" is. There's silicon, acrylic, polysulphide etc but I've never even seen a tube of mastic yet more and more people are calling squirty stuff out of a tube "mastic" ?
The only stuff that could smear everywhere would be a non setting like butyl..

Will do, thank you so muchDon’t forget before and after photos.
A good reminder and a word from me who was a bit stupid. I didn't have any waterproof gloves to hand so used workgloves with plastic bags inside. The bag split and I got the Part 1 cleaner on the tops of my fingers. One finger it burnt through all the layers of skin and I have a scar to show for it. Definitely wear marigolds or some other waterproof glove with this stuff. It works well but it also strips your fingers too.EDIT
Be careful not to get these chemicals in open cuts or in your eyes - they are quite corrosive and will sting a lot.
Best to wear some wellies on your feet for the same reason.