From what you are saying, it looks as though your injector is injecting too much fuel. Possibly a new injector is required, or get the one you have looked at again, as it could have a foreign object under the seat and it unable to properly close, or opening too far.
The unlikely alternative is that there is an air restriction.
Having a Bukh DV20 myself, I would think injector.
Taken from my workshop manual, the opening pressure must lie on 150+/- 10 kg/cm2.
I've just remembered. Max revs, and therefore pre-black smoke, is adjusted by screwing the stop solenoid in and out.
The engineer who adjusted my DV20 took the boat for a run and adjusted the solenoid to just under black smoke, and also to max revs. I had changed the prop from a two bladed to a four bladed, and the adjustment was made to accommodate the 4 blade prop.
If I still go from tickover to full revs straight-off, I do get black smoke for a few secs until the boat is underway, and the load off the prop.
From this latest thought, you may be over-revving the engine. Something else to look at.