The angle of dangle

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From a friend.....

"I have just narrowly avoided an attack of the 'Wheeltapper's Hammer' syndrome while trying to swing a new steering compass, a conventional Plastimo bought and installed here in Auckland. The differences between it and the simple hand bearing compass I was using as a reference were quite alarming - not only large, but also inconsistent. To cut a long story short, it was the hand bearing compass that was at fault. It had been fine back in UK, but in these southern latitudes the card tilts dramatically and fouls the inside of the case. A new one bought here has no such problem.

Problem solved, but this does prompt a question as to how far south of the equator it was necessary to sail before this symptom might have first appeared (I flew here direct from UK, so can't throw any light myself). I assume the misalignment gets steadily worse as latitude increases southward, but is there a gradual degradation in performance, or is all more or less OK until a critical point is reached at which physical interference triggers total unreliability? And how far north of the equator on the homebound journey might the 'Southern Hemisphere' Plastimo steering compass be usable? Is the problem there at all in such larger instruments, or is it just confined to small hand-helds? What does the theory say? And what does experience tell us?......"

When last did we give the compass a 'sideways look'? Compass calibration remains a professional task, mandatory for Small Commercial Vessels ( and large ), yet most yot owners consider that 'if it ain't obviously broke, don't fix it'. Do we still presume that the steering compass is spot-on, 'cos it was expensive - and the handheld of unchallengeable accuracy, 'cos some RYA bloke said so?

BTW, the author of the quote is a hugely-experienced pro nav, carrying out a routine check and calibration swing before an ocean passage.

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Good point Baggins.

My last boat had 2 identical compasses, one either side of the boat, bulkhead mounted.

It was the devils own job to make them read the same over 360 degs.

I also had an electronic compass fitted which when calibrated seemed very consistent, but, you've guessed it, did'nt always agree exactly with the 2 magnetic compasses.

On the subject of hand bearing compasses, I remember about 10 or 12 years ago using an electronic hand bearing compass, I'm pretty sure it was an autohelm, which I thought was very good. I said I'd buy one when I had a few quid to spare and of course never did. And now I can't find one. Does anyone still make electronic handbearing compasses?
 
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. Does anyone still make electronic handbearing compasses?

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Aldi sell them occassionally, local mail order chandlers have them.

I had to do a compass swing last Saturday on my fishing vessel. Done once every five years for commercial survey. Expensive and a waste of time. Naturally there is always an error, how many electrical/electronic items get shifted about a cabin in a fishing boat in five years! My boat has two gps systems and an electronic compass. One Gps system is 240 volts , the other 12. The compass is an old brass one that is there more for decoration.
 
The compass needle follows the lines of the earths magnetic field. You may have seen diagrams of lines flowing out vertically from the earth at the magnetic pole turning to horizontal in a big curve to reenter the earth vertically at the other pole. (making a huge doughnut shape.
So if you are somewhere near the north mag pole then the north seeking magnet in your compass turns toward that pole which includes a component of downward tilt. So when you get near he magnetic pole the compass is more interested in pointing downward and becomes useless. (Not to be confused with the added problem of variation because the magnetic pole is displaced from true pole.)(another difficulty)
The easy trick is to put mass on the south seeking side of the compass card to make it level in the area you operate. ie UK. Of course when you move to NZ the balance weight fitted is exactly oposite to what you need and the compass tilts more than ever.
A compass which can operate at a large tilt angle can cope with operating in the north or south without need for balance.
This whole effect is noticeable in the emergency (simple fluid) compass of international aircraft which are based say in UK but visit Oz or NZ where you see the card tilted at a crazy angle. In the aviation industry with light aircraft builrt in USA and bought to Oz that rebalance the compass was required unless the compass was built for Southern latitudes.
Needless to say in the tropical areas there is no problem as all the mag lines of force are paralell to the surface. goodluck olewill
 
Further to your question about the rate of change of tilt as you go south. It is certainly not linear. Here at 32degrees south I would say it is not noticeable unless the card has been balanced for say UK. ie no balance no problem. I expect in Aukland similarly balancing is not essential. It is a much greater problem in the north with more civilisation at greater latitudes and in Canada near the mag pole). However if you return to the diagram of shape of lines of force the turning downward starts to increase I imagine in a logarythmic manner to get to vertical near the pole. In perhaps a near flattened circular shape. (big "C")
olewill
 
This may be of interest to some....

plastimocompasses.jpg



Of greater everyday significance to us is the need for vigilance in ensuring 'deviating material' is kept well away from our boats' main steering compasses..... especially the handbearing compass, which may be stored inabracket withing a few cm. of the main bulkhead thingy. Result - vagrant boat, 'egg on face' for owner.

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