Hi Niander
You don't say whether you have recently installed the echo sounder or not. If you have it may be because it is sighted too close to the engine, other electrics or wiring where it can pickup signals, keep the sender and wiring completely seperate to any other wiring. Is it positioned correctly thru the hull (bubbles or water turbulance). It sounds as tho you have a high speed boat and it should be positioned as far aft as possible.
Most likely to be electrical intereference - try switching each bit of electrical gear on in turn, including the engine. Logs, radios and alternators are prime suspects, as are long runs of cable carrying any electronic signal close to the transducer cable.
Otherwise the transducer is located in an area of high turbulence on the hull, which is messing up the ultrasound signal.